Whom does the United States owe nearly $31 trillion in debt?
The national debt could reach $31 trillion as soon as this month
The U.S. has about $30.9 trillion in national debt, according to the latest data from Treasury Department, and that total will reach a record $31 trillion as early as later in the month.
Roughly $24.3 trillion of America's total public debt outstanding consists of debt held by the public, and $6.6 trillion is intragovernmental holdings, according to Monday data from the Treasury Department.
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Intragovernmental holdings include federal trust funds, revolving funds and special funds, as well as Federal Financing Bank securities, the Treasury Department said on its website.
Debt held by the public consists of all national debt "held by any person or entity that is not a U.S. federal government agency," according to the Treasury Department. That includes corporations, domestic individual investors, local or state governments, Federal Reserve banks, foreign investors, foreign governments and other entities.
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About a third of the debt held by the public is held by foreign holders. Foreign countries hold a total of roughly $7.4 trillion of U.S. debt as of the end of June, the most recent month with available data.
Japan is the largest holder with about $1.2 trillion in Treasury securities. Behind Japan, the four countries with the largest U.S. debt holdings are China at $967.8 billion, the U.K. at $615.4 billion, Luxembourg at $306.8 billion and the Cayman Islands at $300.4 billion.
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The U.S. national debt last hit a milestone in February 2020 when it surpassed $30 trillion for the first time.
Rising debt could have ramifications for the U.S. economy, the non-partisan Congressional Budget Office warned in its long-term budget outlook released in July. It would "raise borrowing costs throughout the economy, reduce private investment, and slow the growth of economic output over time," the agency said.