What is personal loan pre-approval?

Lenders can assess and pre-approve your financial information before you begin the official personal loan application process.

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By Jacqueline DeMarco

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Jacqueline DeMarco

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Jacqueline DeMarco is a personal finance writer with more than seven years of experience. Her work has been featured by Fox Business, Bankrate, USA TODAY Blueprint, AOL, and the New York Post.

Updated June 3, 2024, 2:00 PM EDT

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Personal loan pre-approval refers to a quick way to find out whether you're likely to be approved for a personal loan or other loan type, and what rate you might get without hurting your credit. But it's not a loan offer. It's also more typically referred to as prequalification.

Since most lenders conduct a hard credit pull when you apply for a loan (which can hurt your score), prequalification provides a quick and relatively easy way to compare potential rates across multiple lenders, as well as what loan amounts and repayment terms you might qualify for.

What is the prequalification process?

The personal loan prequalification process is when lenders assess a snapshot of your financial situation to estimate the interest rates and terms they're likely to offer you. Lenders review your credit history via a soft credit inquiry (which doesn't impact your credit score), as well as information you report on a brief questionnaire.

Prequalification is often available for credit cards, auto loans, and even with some mortgage companies.

This information you may provide includes:

  • your annual income
  • your level of education
  • your current debt
  • how much money you want to borrow
  • what you intend to use the loan for
  • your Social Security number

Prequalification doesn't require supporting documentation and takes less than 10 minutes to complete.

A personal loan pre-approval or prequalification is not a guarantee you'll qualify for the loan. Your loan request could still be rejected once you complete the formal loan application. But it's a good way to compare rates between lenders before applying.

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Important

When you apply for a loan, the lender will conduct a hard credit inquiry which could temporarily damage your score by a few points.

Pre-approval vs. prequalification

You might think that pre-approval and prequalification are the same, but they're not. Both are ways to find out the interest rates and loan terms you might qualify for. But prequalification takes only minutes and doesn't impact your credit score. It's often available for personal loans, credit cards, auto loans, and mortgages.

Pre-approval, on the other hand, can take more than a week, involves a hard credit check which may ding your score, and is often used with mortgages as a first step to show sellers you're serious and likely to qualify for a loan. (Mortgage prequalification may not be convincing enough for a seller to accept your purchase offer.)

Pre-approval also requires documentation like your bank statements or tax returns, whereas prequalificaiton does not.

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Important

Neither pre-approval or prequalification are offers of credit, and the final rate you receive after you formally apply may be higher.

How to prequalify for a personal loan

Follow the steps below when looking for a personal loan.

  1. Review your credit report: Before filling out a prequalification form, you want to make sure your credit report is as healthy as possible. You can do this by fixing any errors on your report. You can request a free copy of your credit report from AnnualCreditReport.com, dispute any errors, and have them removed before you apply for pre-approval.
  2. Research lenders: Research a few different lenders that offer prequalification. You can find lenders through banks, credit unions, and online. Most lenders will outline their eligibility requirements (typically in the footnotes) so you can get a better idea of who you may qualify with.
  3. Fill out a prequalification form: You can contact a lender directly or fill out a prequalification form online. You'll typically need to provide some basic information such as:
    • Loan details: Loan amount, loan term, loan purpose
    • Personal details: Name, Social Security number, date of birth
    • Contact information: Phone number, email address, mailing address
    • Employment information: Income, place of employment, contact details for your employer
  4. Undergo a soft credit check: Once you submit your prequalification form, the lender will conduct a soft credit check which doesn't impact your credit score. This process allows the lender to review your credit report.
  5. Find out if you prequalify: Many lenders will let you know if you prequalify within a few minutes of submitting your form. You'll be able to see your potential loan terms which may include your approved loan amount, an estimated annual percentage rate (APR), any additional fees, and an estimated monthly payment.
  6. Compare offers: When shopping for a personal loan it's best to prequalify with multiple lenders. That way you'll be able to choose the best rate for your financial needs and secure the best rates. Review factors like APR, loan terms, and monthly payment amounts to choose a loan that fits your budget. You can use a personal loan calculator to help estimate monthly payments.

How to apply for a personal loan

Once you have selected a lender, the next step will be officially applying for the loan.

Typically, this step involves filling out another application form with more documentation. Each lender has its own requirements, but the most common forms you'll need to include are income verification in the form of paystubs, W-2s, or tax returns. You'll also likely need to submit to a hard credit check, which can temporarily ding your score.

If you're approved, the lender will present you with an official loan offer. Review the terms and if they are to your liking you can sign for your new loan. Funds can be transferred as soon as same-day after signing, but other lenders may take up to five business days.

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How to improve your chances of qualifying

1. Increase your credit score

The higher your credit score, the easier it will be to achieve pre-approval. Lenders typically like to see FICO credit scores of 670 or higher. Having a higher credit score leads to more competitive interest rates and terms. However, some lenders do approve loans for bad credit (a score below 580). One tactic for boosting your credit history and score is to consistently pay bills on-time and in-full.

2. Pay down debt

Pay down debt to give yourself a leg up. Lenders don't just consider your total debt, but also how it compares to your income. To do this, they look at your debt-to-income ratio (DTI), which is calculated by dividing your total minimum monthly debt payments by your gross monthly income.

Having a high DTI can hurt your chances of pre-approval as it can show an inability to manage monthly payments. Most lenders prefer a DTI of 36% or less.

3. Increase your income

The higher your income, the more confidence lenders will have in your ability to make your monthly payments on time. If you're ready to make a career move, this could be a good time to do it. Or, consider a side gig to bring in extra cash.

Does pre-approval affect your credit?

If you want to avoid a hard credit inquiry - which can negatively affect your credit score - consider prequalifying for a loan type that allows it (like a personal loan). However, if you need a mortgage pre-approval letter, you'll likely need to allow the lender to run a hard credit check, which could bring down your score by a few points for up to a year. You can also prequalify for a mortgage, but the process may not carry as much weight if you want to make an offer on a home.

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Good to know

Usually, a hard inquiry only impacts your credit score negatively for up to a year, but the inquiry will remain on your report for up to two years.

FAQ

Can you get pre-approved with bad credit?

You can get pre-qualified for a personal loan even if you have bad credit, but it's generally more challenging to do so. If your credit score is poor (a FICO score below 580), you may not be successful during the pre-approval process. It's best to improve your credit score as much as possible before starting.

If your credit needs some work, consider researching credit unions, as they tend to be more lenient to borrowers, but you'll most likely have to become a member first. You can also look for lenders specializing in loans for consumers with bad credit, but expect to pay higher interest.

How long does pre-approval take?

The prequalification process for personal loans can take only minutes, while it can take up to a week or more to get a mortgage pre-approval letter. If you're in a rush, ask the lender what its typical prequalification timeline looks like to get a better idea.

Meet the contributor:
Jacqueline DeMarco
Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco is a personal finance writer with more than seven years of experience. Her work has been featured by Fox Business, Bankrate, USA TODAY Blueprint, AOL, and the New York Post.

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Fox Money is a property of Credible Operations, Inc., which is majority-owned indirectly by Fox Corporation. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. All rights reserved. Use of this website (including any and all parts and components) constitutes your acceptance of Fox's Terms of Use and Updated Privacy Policy | Your Privacy Choices.